at primary school (at ages 10–11 years). These scores provide an objective real world measure of academic performance and were obtained by data linkage with the National Pupil Database. In England, the national curriculum at KS2 relates to the school years 3–6, covering ages 7–11. Formal assessments involving examinations in English, Mathematics and Science take place at the end of this KS2 period. Further details are available at http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-1-and-2/index.aspx.
