These results are similar to the B/II and A/I typology established in previous studies of alcoholics (Cloninger et al. 1981; Babor et al. 1992; Schuckit et al. 1995; Feingold et al. 1996; Babor & Caetano 2006; Hesselbrock & Hesselbrock 2006) in a variety of studies using inpatient, outpatient, and community samples. Using cluster analytic techniques, a similar Type B/II vs. a Type A/I typology has been identified in substance use disorders, including cocaine, opiates, and cannabis (Ball et al. 1995; Feingold et al. 1996; Kranzler et al. 2008). To our knowledge, Feingold and colleagues (1996) have made the only other attempt to examine a sample of cannabis dependent participants for the Type B/II vs. A/I subtypes. Their sample consisted of predominantly treatment seeking substance users and psychiatric patients. Mean age in that sample was 35.7 years (S.D. = 11.5) and ethnicity reported as 32% African American, 6% Hispanic, and 63% White. Variables which were highly correlated with cluster membership in their study were withdrawal avoidance, dependence severity, polydrug use, higher scores on the Drug Abuse Screening Test and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and an anxiety index from the Addiction Severity Index.
