In understanding the role of the pgACC in self and social decision-making it is also important to consider that pgACC is also often identified in non-social studies of value-guided decision-making. For example, pgACC reflects subjective value in delayed discounting experiments (Kable and Glimcher, 2007) where subjects have to trade-off the expectation of reward against a given timespan that they would have to wait before the reward is actually paid out. Similarly, pgACC also computes subjective value in some studies of self-control that require subjects to evaluate food items varying vary along the dimensions of tastiness (reward component) and healthiness (cost component) (Hare et al., 2011; Maier et al., 2015). Such a pattern of pgACC activity might reflect a general role in cost-benefit decision-making (Amemori and Graybiel, 2012) that is not specific to social or self-related processing during social interactions in particular. However, it is noteworthy that, first, subjective value and self-control in the aforementioned studies often partly depend on the current course of action, i.e. on estimates of one’s upcoming actions, such as the ability to wait for future reward
