The four gene regions that were found to be associated with disease progression in both ACS and GRIV are distributed around the genome. SNP rs1523635 is located 90 kb downstream of Anterior Gradient Homolog 3 (AGR3), alias Breast Cancer Membrane Protein 11 (BCMP11). Interestingly, AGR3 is known to interact with LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 3 (LYPD3), and the LY6 family has been associated with HIV-1 disease progression although the mechanism is unknown [31]. SNPs rs6845554 and rs6827754, which are in high LD, are both located intronic of Solute Carrier Family 2, Member 9 Protein (SLC2A9). A potential effect of this gene on the clinical course of HIV-1 infection has not been reported. SNP rs6018199 is located in an intron of the Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase (SRC). The HIV-1 Nef gene was found to selectively activate certain members of the SRC kinase family, including SRC itself, which may contribute to HIV-1-associated nephropathy which is the most common cause of chronic renal failure in HIV-1-infected individuals [32].
