8 weeks or had taken no psychotropic medication for at least 2 weeks (drug-specific washout periods were applied), and had MDD as their primary diagnosis. rMDD subjects were required to have had at least one major depressive episode (MDE) in the past 5 years, had been in remission for at least 8 weeks as indicated by a score of 1 on the Depressed Mood and Anhedonia items from the SCID-IV, and were free of psychotropic medication (wash-out periods were applied). Certain past comorbidities were allowed if in remission at the time of testing and secondary to the MDD (see Supplement). All participants provided written informed consent.