In this study, to address this question, we examined whether the pattern of loadings of disorders and traits on these spectra differ across the two sexes, which we know differ substantially in the overall prevalence of internalizing versus externalizing disorders (Wender, 1971; Kessler et al. 1994, 2005). After optimally assessing a core set of disorders or traits for each spectrum, we then examined the correlation between their genetic liabilities.