account for intra- and inter-assay variances respectively. Ct values were used for all manipulations, and were first normalized to endogenous control levels by calculating the ΔCt for each sample. Values were then calculated relative to control to generate a ΔΔCt value. Fold change was calculated using the formula Fold Change (RQ) =2−ΔΔCt. Statistical significance was determined based on the biological replicates and the standard deviations (Student's t-test) plotted represent the variance between the biological replicates.
