To examine the effects of heterogeneity in our OUD sample, we also performed two post-hoc analyses. In the first analysis, we compared OUD subjects with at least one UDS positive for buprenorphine or methadone to OUD subjects with UDS positive for illicit opioids only. In the second analysis, we analyzed the regression of the subject-specific functional connectivity on self-reported time since last opioid use, measured in hours.