Substance use during pregnancy, particularly smoking during pregnancy, was also significantly associated with adolescent outcome. Light/moderate smoking (1-10 cigarettes/day) during the first trimester and beyond the first trimester was significantly associated with all externalizing behaviors (HYP/IMP, INATT, and CDP); however, was not predictive of adolescent alcohol problems. Frequent heavy alcohol use (5 or more drinks in a single day, 2-3 days a month) was associated with INATT and CDP.
