Missing values were replaced through imputation using assignment and allocation methods as described in the NESARC Source and Accuracy Statements.24 25 Sensitivity analyses were performed that included: comparison of the at-risk subsample to the complementary wave 2 NESARC sample; using different sets of control variables with and without education, and census region; and including help-seeking behaviour controls. In response to reviewer concerns, we performed the multiple logistic regression models for assessing prediction of wave 2 SRO and of wave 2 current smoking based on the unweighted data adjusted for design effects. These various sensitivity analyses did not alter the associations between smoking and SRO reported below.