Our models included cyberbullying at work as a time-varying measure. Cyberbullying at work was measured with 10 questions adapted from the Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire (Forssell, 2016; Oksanen, Oksa, et al., 2020). For example, items included questions on whether they had been targeted with insulting or harassing comments, such as “rude messages have been sent to you via social media,” “offensive photos/videos of you have been posted on social media,” and “colleagues have excluded you from the social community on social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram).” We created a dummy variable from the options and analyzed those who had been victims of cyberbullying at least on a weekly basis. The internal consistency of the scale was excellent in both time points (T1: α = 0.94, T2: α = 0.93; see Table 2 for details).Table 2Descriptive statistics of covariates.Table 2Continuous variablesRangeMSDAge18–6541.0913.51Neuroticism3–2112.043.71Extroversion3–2113.414.30Income (1 = lowest, 8 = highest)1–83.451.56Categorical variablesn%Cyberbullying at work victimization (weekly)T1: before COVID-19 crisis858.46T2: during COVID-19 crisis807.99Active private social media use63763.66Working hours per weekT1: 1–34 h22021.93T1: 35–40 h58458.28T1: >40 h19819.79T2: 1–34 h25024.94T2: 35–40 h58758.65T2: >40 h16416.41Occupational areaIndustrial sector28628.55Service18518.50Business, communication, and
