Isolation of cell total RNA, reverse transcription, and real time PCR was carried out as previously described (Forsyth et al., 2007). Primers for PCR were: Beta actin (157bp): F:GCCAGGTCCAGACGCAGG; R:TGCTATCCAGGCTGTGCTA; Snail F:(142bp):ACCCCACATCCTTCTCACTG; R:TACAAAAACCCACGCAGACA; MMP-7(138bp) F:GAGTGCCAGATGTTGCAGAA, R:AAATGCAGGGGGATCTCTTT. Snail and MMP-7 Ct data were normalized to beta-actin and then to Snail or MMP-7 mRNA expression in the control to arrive at the fold expression value.