These results are largely supportive of our hypotheses. As expected and consistent with previous reports (Chen et al., 1998; Matsuo et al., 2006; Takeshita and Morimoto, 1999; Takeshita et al., 2001; Wall et al., 1999), ALDH2*2 was associated with heightened response to alcohol for all low-dose symptom and initial sensitivity variables examined in this study. Furthermore, possessing two ALDH2*2 alleles resulted in stronger effects than possessing one ALDH2*2 allele for all alcohol variables with the exception of two individual alcohol-related symptoms that had relatively low (7-14%, hives) and relatively high (91-92%, flushing) endorsement rates in both genotypes.
