Three hundred and twenty African American male controls were recruited from churches and a blood bank in Newark, NJ, (46%) and from among insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients seen at an ophthalmology clinic (54%) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry: New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ, Newark, NJ). All controls had a semi-structured psychiatric interview and were without a lifetime history of any substance abuse or dependence or major Axis 1 psychiatric disorder. Their mean (SD) age was 34.0 (10.1) years.
