chronic alcoholism on metabolite levels (e.g., Behar et al., 1999; O’Neill et al., 2001) and comport with a similar study showing that cerebellar NAA levels were compromised only in AUD patients who relapsed within 3 weeks of recovery initiation (Parks et al., 2002). These findings are also consistent with results from a structural imaging study showing that smaller volumes of smaller thalamic volume can predict relapse risk (Segobin et al., 2014).