The upregulation of Homer 1b/c in heroin abusers raised the question as to whether such impairment was mimicked in other drug groups. Although we were unable to conduct a broad assessment of protein levels in the small multi-drug population of Study I, it was possible to focus on Homer 1 b/c. Statistical analysis showed an overall group difference in Homer 1b/c (F3,22=3.42, p=0.034) with significantly higher levels in the cocaine (p=0.007) and heroin-cocaine (p=0.018) subjects compared to controls, with a trend noted for the heroin group (p=0.08; Fig. 3).
