In this aggregated sample of injured persons coming to emergency rooms, the relationship between both the empirically as well as Widmark-estimated and self-reported number of drinks consumed is relatively low (weighted Cohen's κ = 0.16, κ = .15, respectively). The Widmark estimate appears to make the numbers of nonmatches with VSR more even in each direction moreso than does the empirical estimate; in Table 4, 37%/41% of the cases are on the upper/lower diagonal whereas in Table 3, 33%/43% are on the upper/lower diagonal. On average, the estimates by the two measures are fairly close together in the range of 1–6 drinks. At higher levels, the raw BAC reading tends to be systematically lower than the reported number of drinks consumed (Figure 2). A large part of this discrepancy is due to the fact that time has passed between the consumption of the drinks and the measurement of the BAC.
