To ascertain Alcohol use disorder (AUD), we utilized information about medical treatment for AUD, medical disorder directly attributable to AUD, criminal behavior directly related to AUD, and pharmacologic treatment for AUD as detected from pharmacy records. More specifically, AUD was defined by ICD codes for main and secondary diagnoses from Swedish medical registries for the following diagnoses: ICD9: alcohol-related psychiatric disorders (291), alcohol dependence (303), alcohol abuse (305A), alcohol-related polyneuropathy (357F), alcohol-related cardiomyopathy (425F), alcohol-related gastritis (535D), alcoholic fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, unspecified liver damage caused by alcohol (571A–D), toxic effects of alcohol (980), alcoholism (V79B); ICD10: alcohol related psychiatric and behavioral disorders (F10, excluding acute alcohol intoxication: F10.0), rehabilitation of a person with alcohol abuse (Z50.2), guidance and medical advice to a person with alcohol abuse (Z71.4), alcohol-related pseudo-Cushing syndrome (E24.4), alcohol-related degeneration of the nervous system and brain (G31.2), alcohol-related polyneuropathy (G62.1), alcohol-related myopathy (G72.1), alcohol-related cardiomyopathy (I42.6), alcohol-related gastritis (K29.2), liver diseases caused by alcohol (K70.0–K70.9), acute pancreatitis caused by alcohol (K85.2), chronic pancreatitis caused by alcohol (K86.0), treatment of pregnant alcoholic woman (O35.4), toxic
