discovery analyses, we do not have independent replication cohorts available in which to test the identified associations. However, OA associations with the intron 1 locus have been previously reported29,39,51,52, the chromosome 16 (rs13333582) is an eQTL for a gene previously reported as associated with OA55, and variants in both PPP6C and FURIN have previously been associated with substance use and psychiatric disorder traits that are highly associated with OA (Supplementary Figs. 12 and 13). Thus, independent replication remains to be demonstrated, but the available evidence supports the identified variants and genes as associated with OA.
