we identified groups of offenders at high risk of recidivism, 4 years following a first DWI offense.16 The present study followed offenders for 15 years after a court-mandated screening referral for a first DWI offense. Offenders selected for study reported a SUD at the age they were screened. All were court-ordered to complete the screening process, but some did not follow the mandate. Accordingly, offenders were classified into one of four categories, depending on whether or not they completed screening, were referred to treatment, and, if referred, completed the court-mandated treatment course.
