2006; Sjöberg et al. 2007). However, there was no significant G × E associated with CD in females after transformation of the measure of childhood adversity into modified ridit scores, lending little support for the inclusion of G × E. A simulation study demonstrated how the consistent false detection of G × E might occur as a result of the treatment of measurement scale for either an outcome or the environment (Eaves, 2006). Thus, the detection of G × E in this study may be contingent on the more or less arbitrary placement of the threshold for diagnosis or environmental exposure (Eaves, 2006). Although the modified ridit transformation reflected the sample size of individuals at each level of childhood adversity, any transformation of scale often leads to the loss of significant interaction (Eaves, 2006). Therefore, although the data illustrate patterns of G × E that differ by sex, the significance of such trends should be interpreted with caution given the vulnerability of G × E to scale.
