To reduce consequences of resulting discontinuities, we use a cosine window over the initial and final 100 msec of the input time series of each trial. The output of the transform for each stimuli and electrode site was calculated by averaging the individual trials containing the time-frequency energy distributions. To quantify S transform magnitudes, a region of interest (ROI) was identified by specifying the band of frequencies and the time interval contained in the rectangular ROI and the energy in that region was estimated. PLI was estimated at the peak amplitude within the ROI. These analyses are similar to what has been previously described (Jones et al., 2004; Schack and Klimesch, 2002). Baseline corrected post-stimulus activity (900 ms) was calculated by subtracting averaged pre-stimulus ERO energy values (100 ms) from the post-stimulus ROI values, as previously described (Padmanabhapillai et al., 2006). Normalized pre-stimulus ERO energy values for each ROI was determined by calculating a normalized baseline, defined as: V1 − (Hb × A1), where V1 is the volume energy of ROI1, Hb is the average height of the baseline for
