Our review of the literature identified 727 articles, of which we analyzed 39 studies to derive effect size estimates. The results showed that the uncontrolled pre-post effect size estimates were in the moderate range for reducing anxiety symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.63) and depressive symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.59). MBT in patients with anxiety disorders and depression was associated with large effect sizes (Hedges’ g) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.72-1.22) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.71-1.18) for improving anxiety and depression, respectively.