In this review, we provide an overview and synthesis of studies that have examined the influence of ethanol exposure on DYN/KOR expression and function, as well as studies focused on examining the effects of DYN/KOR manipulation on behavioral effects of ethanol. Given its role in mediating dysphoric/aversive states, a growing literature has implicated the DYN/KOR system in the motivational effects of ethanol. However, in many cases, the outcomes of these studies have been inconsistent. Here we focus on multiple areas of preclinical ethanol research, highlighting factors that may contribute to discrepant findings. First, we describe the influence of genetic factors and ethanol exposure on DYN/KOR expression in the brain. Second, we synthesize literature that has examined effects of KOR activation and blockade on ethanol-conditioned behaviors, home-cage ethanol consumption, and operant ethanol self-administration/reinstatement procedures. After presenting corresponding evidence from transgenic mice targeting the DYN/KOR system, we then discuss effects of KOR manipulation within the context of ethanol dependence and withdrawal-related behaviors. Finally, we describe the evidence for DYN/KOR system involvement in interactions of stress and ethanol reward and consumption.
