the discrepancy between the negative predictions from the modeling studies and the actual HBCGM results is that the modeling studies utilize standard GWAS methodology, but there are very substantial methodological differences between HBCGM and standard methods used in GWAS in mice. There are also differences between murine and human genetic association studies, which affect the design and expected outcomes from these studies. A better understanding of the methodological basis underlying HBCGM, especially how it differs from conventional murine GWAS studies and how its output can be used to enable genetic discovery, will substantially improve the prognosis for its utility for genetic discovery.