effects. While more complex dependencies could, in principle, be included via additional hyperpriors, this would considerably increase the computational complexity and would require more efficient inference algorithms. Finally, scCODA does not model the response variability within a condition and thus cannot detect heterogeneities between samples in response to treatment or donor variability, as, e.g., in the data of UC patients1. This could be addressed by adding a novel covariate to inspect subsets of the data.