Tests for case-control association and calculation of odds ratios were carried out using the fisher.test function, tests for differences in log-transformed BMI used the analysis of variance aov function, and Z-test for deviation from population mean used the Student’s t-test t.test function, each as implemented in R [57]. Calculations of post-hoc achieved power for one-tailed Fisher’s exact test were carried out using G*Power version 3.1.2 [58].
