case, did not much consider definitional constraints. Studies include work on fear conditioning in rodents, affect discrimination in faces and voices in various clinical populations, measures of “empathy” and of “implicit bias”, and functional neuroimaging studies during activation with socially relevant stimuli ranging from faces to voices to moral dilemmas to simulated computer games (cyberball exclusion manipulation). The field reflects an intersection of cognitive neuroscience with “affective neuroscience”, and is characterized by convergence of data from animal to basic human to clinical studies, with neuroimaging as a major translational tool. The impact of this work spans clinical neuroscience, economics, social policy and the legal system (Adolphs, 1999; Cacioppo, 2014; Park et al., 2011; Penn, Sanna & Roberts, 2008).
