final generations of a large pedigree of 13 generations as in Scenario II, but the pedigree information was assumed known for the last three generations. Controls in each of these three scenarios were unrelated, which is the most ideal situation. Cases of Scenario I were from an entirely known pedigree without any background correlation. Scenario II and III simulated background correlation among cases with limited pedigree information, which commonly occurs in genetic studies. Scenario II had less pedigree information than Scenario III, so we could explore more efficiently the effect of lack of pedigree information on ϕped, ϕpost and ϕest.
