Lenroot et al. 2007; Gilmore et al. 2007). Gender-specific differences in cortical white matter volume are greater in adults than in children and adolescents: 15–17% differences were observed from childhood to young adolescents (De Bellis et al. 2001; Perrin et al. 2008; Perrin et al. 2009). Boys have greater rates of age-dependent increase in total white matter volume than girls (De Bellis et al. 2001; Lenroot et al. 2007). Regionally, sexual dimorphism of developmental trajectories is observed more for the frontal and occipital lobes (gray and white matter), whereas no sex-differences in developmental trajectories were found for the temporal and parietal lobes (Giedd et al. 1996; Giedd et al. 1997; Lenroot et al. 2007; Sowell et al. 2007). Between the ages of 4 to 18 years, age-dependent increases in the amygdala, caudate and putamen volumes were observed only in boys (e.g., amygdala in boys increases by 53%) while an age-dependent increase of the hippocampal volume was found only in girls (Filipek et al. 1994; Giedd et al. 1996; Giedd et al. 1997; Sowell et al. 2002; Lenroot et al. 2007; Neufang et al. 2009).
