Religion/spirituality (R/S) variables included three “personal R/S” variables and six religious affiliation variables, each having acceptable reliability (test–retest [t/rt] and/or internal consistency [Cronbach’s Alpha] ratings). Personal R/S variables: Based on the investigators’ factor analysis of items within the R/S domain (Haber et al., 2007), three personal R/S variables were identified: Religious Motivation-Devotion, Religious Attendance, and Existential Well Being. Religious Motivation-Devotion included four religious importance items (see R. Jessor & Jessor, 1977) (α = .86); four religious well-being items [from the Spiritual Well-being Scale (see Ellison, 1983) (t/rt = .94; α = .82)]; and one R/S self-rating item; the resulting factor score was dichotomized by median split. Religious attendance was a binary indicator of attending religious services one or more times per week. Existential Well-Being [four existential items from the Spiritual Well-being Scale (Ellison, 1983) (t/rt = .90; α = .81)] was a nontheistic measure of spiritual well-being dichotomized by median split.
