In unadjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, patients receiving benzodiazepines, both with and without opioids, exhibited an elevated risk of death compared with SSRI recipients receiving neither opioids nor benzodiazepines (cotreatment group: hazard ratio [HR], 1.71 [95% CI, 1.34-2.19]; benzodiazepines without opioids group: HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.13-1.64]) (Table 2). After propensity score weighting, hazards of death remained elevated in those receiving cotreatment (HR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.65-2.52]). A smaller but nonetheless significant increase in all-cause mortality was associated with benzodiazepine use without opioids in adjusted analyses (HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.33-1.92]).
