There is no single cause or stressor for suicide, but numerous psychological, social, biological, and cultural factors contribute to suicide [6–8]. Psychological disorders as well as alcohol and substance abuse disorders are among the major contributing factors for suicide [9–11]. Several epidemiological studies have reported an association between smoking and suicidal behaviors, but the results are inconsistent. A meta-analysis was conducted by Li et al [12] to estimate the overall association between smoking and suicide related death based on the studies published by May 2011. However, the association between smoking and other suicidal behaviors, such as suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt was not addressed. Furthermore, so far, several epidemiological studies have recently been conducted to address the relationship between smoking and suicidal behaviors. Therefore, an update and comprehensive meta-analysis is needed. We performed this meta-analysis based on current evidence to estimate the association between smoking and suicidal behaviors, including suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death.
