One of such measures is the frequency of alpha-rhythm, the most prominent form of resting-state brain oscillations. Individual differences in alpha frequency have been shown to be associated with cognitive performance (Klimesch et al., 1993) and general intelligence (Anokhin and Vogel, 1996). Lykken et al. (1974) reported high heritability of individual alpha-rhythm frequency (84%). A more recent study of adolescent twins yielded remarkably consistent results, with heritability of individual alpha frequency estimated at 81%, suggesting that alpha frequency is a highly heritable index of brain functioning (Smit et al., 2006).
