By taking advantage of the longitudinal data structure in the TCHAD sample we were able to identify a behavioral domain (social problems) in young girls associated with pair-bonding later in life. This finding provides an interesting link to pair-bonding related behavior in childhood, by suggesting that women shown to bond less strongly with their partner in young adulthood also display less affiliative behavior during childhood. Interestingly, this is in line with vole studies showing that non-monogamous voles species show less affiliative behaviors than monogamous voles species already in their first days of life (72). In our further analyses a significant association between rs7632287 and the social problem measure in childhood was revealed and this association could be replicated in a third sample (CATSS) using a measure of autism related social problems. Based on findings from rodents showing that non-monogamous vole species with lower OTR expression in specific brain regions (12) and mice deficient of OT or OTR characterized by social amnesia in adulthood all display decreased social communication during early life (72–76), it may be suggested that the A-allele is
