Four items were used to assess future intentions to use. Response options ranged from 1 (I definitely will) to 5 (I definitely will not). The participant was asked two questions assessing intentions to smoke (in the next year and 5 years from now) and two questions regarding future intentions to drink alcohol (in the next year and 5 years from now). These items were adapted from the Monitoring the Future study (Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 2003). The items assessing intentions to use in the next year and five years from now were strongly correlated (r = .56 for cigarette intentions and r = .80 for alcohol intentions), so they were averaged to represent intentions to use alcohol and intentions to smoke. Items were also recoded so that a higher value reflected greater intentions to use.
