With respect to additional classification of prevalent cardiometabolic diseases in UK Biobank participants, coronary artery disease ascertainment was based on a composite of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization. Myocardial infarction was based on self-report or hospital admission diagnosis, as performed centrally by the UK Biobank. This included individuals with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 codes of 410.X, 411.0, 412.X, 429.79 or ICD-10 codes of I21.X, I22.X, I23.X, I24.1, I25.2 in hospitalization records. Coronary revascularization was assessed based on an OPCS4 coded procedure for coronary artery bypass grafting (K40.1–40.4, K41.1–41.4, K45.1–45.5) or coronary angioplasty with or without stenting (K49.1–49.2, K49.8–49.9, K50.2, K75.1–75.4, K75.8–75.9). Diabetes mellitus ascertainment was based on a composite of self-report, use of insulin, ICD-9 codes of 250.X or ICD-10 codes of E10.X, E11.X, E12.X, E 13.X, E14.X in hospitalization records. Hypertension ascertainment was based on self-report, ICD-9 codes of 40.X or ICD-10 codes of I10, I11.X, I 12.X, I13.X, or I15.X in hospitalization records. Heart failure was ascertained based on self-report, ICD-9 codes of 425.4, 428.0, 428.1, 428.9 or ICD-10 codes of I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, I25.5, I42.X in
