Organoid culture protocols have been developed in the past few years to overcome the drawbacks of monolayer cultures and better mimic the 3D structure, organization, composition, and connectivity of the human brain. The main difference with the monolayer culture is that cells are in direct contact with each other for much of their membrane surface. Thus, organoid cultures allow the recapitulation of a greater range and complexity of cellular interactions and morphogen gradients under minimally perturbed conditions and the preservation of cell-to-cell contacts allows the self-organization of progenitors and neurons in layers that resemble the early stages of mammalian forebrain development.
