In addition to the PheWAS, we also examined laboratory results, which we refer to as LabWAS. The LabWAS identified 15 biomarkers significantly associated with POU (Supplementary Table 21 and Fig. 5). For instance, POU was associated with metabolic biomarkers, including increased triglyceride in serum or plasma (beta = 0.04, p = 1.41E−12) and blood glucose (beta = 0.02, p = 4.02E−5), and lower HDL cholesterol (beta = −0.03, p = 7.21E−07), calcium (beta = −0.01, p = 8.00E-04), folate (beta = −0.04, p = 8.70E-04), and calcitriol (beta = −0.02, p = 1.97E−03). We also found associations with blood-related biomarkers, such as high erythrocyte distribution (beta = 0.03, p = 3.14E−11), increased leukocytes (beta = 0.02, p = 9.68E−07), reduced carbon dioxide in serum/plasma (beta = −0.02, p = 3.42E−7) and creatinine (beta = −0.04, p = 2.15E−04).
