of rodent neurons, and activates MAP-kinases (Ohkubo et al., 2001; Qiu et al., 2004). Several MAP-kinases are prominently expressed in brain, including the MAP-kinase kinase kinase DLK (for ‘dual leucine-zipper kinase’), which has been implicated both in the degeneration and regeneration of neurons (Tedeschi and Bradke, 2013; Lu et al., 2014). In C. elegans and Drosophila, regeneration of injured neurons requires DLK activation (Hammarlund et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2012). In rodents, conversely, DLK mediates neuronal cell death during development and contributes to excitotoxic neurodegeneration (Chen et al., 2012). However, the precise relation of ApoE-receptor binding to MAP-kinase activation has not been explored.
