= 10 for a modest effect size (equivalent to 1% power of detection at genome-wide significance (p≤5e-8) using single SNP analysis; e.g. odds ratio of 1.07 for an allele frequency of 0.2–0.3 and sample size of 10,000 individuals [41]; Figure 3); and (iv) A total of 100 (Figure 3) or 500 (Figure S6B) causal genes in the genome. The chi-square test statistic was then converted to a z-score by taking the square root of the chi-square test statistic. Parameters were chosen in attempt to reflect what we know about the genetic architecture of complex diseases and traits.
