Despite our extensive effort, the first genome-wide significant SNP for childhood AGG has yet to be found. Even in the absence of genome-wide significant loci, however, GWASs aid in clarifying the biology behind complex traits. Our results show that, even without genome-wide significant hits, a GWAS can be powerful enough to illuminate the genetic etiology of a trait in the form of rgs with other complex traits. Non-significant associations are expected to capture part of the polygenicity of a trait [31] and various follow-up analyses have been developed for GWASs that do not require, but are aided by, genome-wide significant hits [49]. PGSs aggregate SNP effects into a weighted sum that indicates a person’s genetic liability to develop a disorder. While their clinical application is still limited in psychiatric disorders, they can already aid in understanding the pleiotropy among psychiatric and other traits [30]. Similarly, summary statistics-based genetic correlations (rg) provide insight into the genetic overlap between complex traits [29, 50].
