Microarray analysis of the proliferating and differentiated NPCs for genes related to neural stem cell development and neurogenesis revealed significant effects of in vivo developmental exposure to alcohol. Alcohol significantly altered mRNA expression (fold change ≤ 0.8 or ≥ 1.5) of 9 genes in the proliferating NPC cultures and 6 genes in the differentiated NPC cultures out of 82 possible targets. Figs. 3A and 4A show gene expression, and associated Figs. 3B and 4B show relative gene expression compared to controls for proliferating and differentiating NPCs, respectively.