Proposed criteria for DSM-5 and associated sample items are presented below along with rationales for their inclusion (see Table 3). Criteria are recommended based upon: (1) Consistency with theory or conceptual perspectives on TD; (2) Evidence that the criterion indexes heavy tobacco use; (3) Evidence that the criterion indexes likelihood of cessation; and, (4) associations with other measures that are conceptually or empirically linked with dependence. Further, the current recommendations are based on the view that the many differences between tobacco use and other types of dependent drug use (see above) support a diagnostic strategy that is tailored to tobacco per se, rather than one designed to be appropriate for all drugs [48]. Finally, as suggested above, any DSM-5 criteria should foster measures that are relatively brief, the items should be clear and easy to answer, and appropriate for use in diverse clinical contexts.
