between postnatal binge pattern of drinking (when the child was aged 5 years) and outcome measures.We formally tested for possible gender interaction within the unadjusted models and, where appropriate, regression analyses were repeated separately by gender.Three sets of sensitivity analyses were carried out for the parent-rated SDQ outcomes. First, given our earlier findings, the multivariable linear regression analyses were repeated after adjusting for first trimester alcohol consumption [21]. Second, given the possibility that the child’s gestational age and birth weight might be on the causal pathway between prenatal alcohol exposure and neuro-developmental problems, the multivariable linear regression analyses were repeated after omitting these variables from the model. Third, the multivariable linear regression analyses were repeated after including maternal binge pattern of drinking at 5 years and EPDS at 11 years in the model. This analysis adjusted for the effects of key risk factors in the postnatal environment.Finally, to examine whether episodes of heavier drinking may carry risk of later adverse outcomes in mothers who do not drink daily during pregnancy, the primary analyses were repeated using a 4-level variable of drinking in pregnancy separating out patterns (≥4 drinks in a day) and frequency (daily drinking involving an average of at
