A total of 11 studies (collectively forming the Cotinine Consortium) contributed to the GWAS meta-analysis: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), FinnTwin, FINRISK, Framingham Heart Study, Health2000 GenMets study (GenMets), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), TwinsUK, and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) (see Table 2). These 11 samples resulted in a collective sample size of n = 4,548. Further information on each study/cohort is provided in Text S1.
