In summary, the present study provides further evidence from multi-omics data sets for the importance of immune- and inflammation-related processes in AUD. Notably, drugs that reduce neuroinflammation to reduce drinking, such as phosphodiesterases, may be promising approaches for novel treatment options for AUD. Recently published randomized controlled trials suggest that a phosphodiesterase inhibitor reduces heavy drinking whereas an antibiotic compound was not effective [63, 64]. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms will enhance the discovery of drug targets and drive forward the development of precision medicine within this field.
