this higher frequency beta activity is a marker of parkinsonian pathophysiology (Oswal et al., 2013b), leaving the possibility that it may form part of normal physiological network activity. Although we did not find clear evidence for PAC with beta oscillations in the motor cortex, it could be that recordings with a higher signal-to-noise ratio, such as obtained with electrocorticography, will be able to reveal this. However, at present we are unaware of reports by others showing that there is such coupling.