Levetiracetam exposure was associated with an increased risk of AD in patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions (Figure 3D; HR =1.19 and P-value <0.01); but was not associated with AD in individuals without neuroinflammation-related conditions (Figure 3D). Quetiapine exposure was associated with an increased risk of AD in most cohorts (Figure 3E), and the pooled HR was higher in patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions compared to without (HR =1.83 vs. HR =1.42 [P-value <0.01 for comparing 1.83 to 1.42]; Figure 3).