The demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample are presented in Table 1, and a detailed sample description is available in Pandey et al. [16] and Kamarajan et al. [54]. Briefly, the sample comprised thirty male participants with AUD [mean age (standard deviation, SD) = 41.42 (7.31) years] and thirty unaffected male controls [mean age (SD) = 27.44 (4.74) years]. Individuals for the control group (CTL) were recruited through advertisements and screened to exclude any personal or family history of major medical, psychiatric, or substance-related disorders. Participants with AUD (DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria) were recruited from alcohol treatment centers in and around New York City after they had been detoxified and were abstinent for at least 30 days prior to testing. Participants were not in withdrawal at the time of testing. A modified version of the semi-structured assessment of genetics of alcoholism (SSAGA) [66] was administered to assess alcohol/substance use and related co-existing disorders and family history of these disorders. The vast majority of subjects were right-handed, with only a few who were either left-handed (5 in the AUD group
